This large Italian scientists may be more responsible for the development of the scientific method of anyone. Galileo was born in Pisa, in 1564. While studying at the young University of Pisa, but stalled because of financial affairs. Yet in 1589 he could be teaching position at the university. A few years later he joined the University of Padua, and stayed there until the year 1610. In this period he created a pile of scientific discoveries.
His first important contribution in the field of mechanics. Aristotle taught, heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects, and generations of intellectuals to swallow the opinion of the great Greek philosopher of this influence. However, Galileo decided to try first is whether, and through a series of experiments he concluded that Aristotle was wrong. The truth is, both heavy and light objects fall at the same rate unless until they reduced the speed limit due to a shift in the air. (Incidentally, the habit of throwing Galileo experiment objects from the tower of Pisa apparently unconsciously).
Knowing this, Galileo took steps further. Carefully he measured the distance of objects fall at the specified time and a proof that the distance traveled by a falling object is proportional to the number of seconds equal square falling objects. This discovery (which means uniform acceleration) has its own significance. Even more importantly capable of collecting the results of Galileo's discoveries with a mathematical formula. Extensive use of mathematical formulas and mathematical methods are essential nature of modern science.
Another major contribution is the discovery of Galileo's law of inertia about. Previously, people believed that the body moves by itself tends to be more slowly and completely stopped if there is no power that adds strength to keep moving. But Galileo's experiments proved that the assumption was wrong. When the power shifts, such as slow, can be removed, the body in motion tends to keep moving without borders. This is an important principle that has been repeatedly asserted by Newton and coupled with the system itself as the first law of motion one of the vital principle in science.
Galileo's discovery of the most famous is in the field of astronomy. The theory of astronomy in the early 1600s in an uncertain situation. Disagreement occurred between the adherents of the Copernican theory that the sun-centric and adherents of the older theory, the earth-centric.Around the year 1609 Galileo stated his belief that Copernicus was in the right side, but this time he did not know how to prove it. In 1609, Galileo heard of news that people found a telescope in the Netherlands. Although Galileo had heard only vague about the equipment, but thanks to his genius he was able to create their own telescopes. With this new tool he turned his attention to the sky and only a year he had managed to raise a series of large discoveries.
He saw the moon is not flat but lumpy, full of craters and mountains. Heavenly bodies, the conclusion, it is not flat and smooth but irregular as well as the face of the earth. He looked at the Milky Way and saw that he was not the sort of mist, but entirely composed of a large number of stars with the naked eye is as mixed and mingled with each other.
Then eye on planet-planet and Saturn appeared to him like a bracelet encircled. Jupiter glanced at his telescope and he knew there were four months of circling around the planet. Here the light-benderanglah him that celestial bodies can be spun around a planet other than Earth. The fun to be-so: staring at the sun and saw no spots on his face. Indeed there are other people who also saw the previous spots, but Galileo published the findings in a more effective and put the subject of sun spots that concern the world of science. Furthermore, his research shifted to the planet Venus has a similar term is the term months. This is an important part of the evidence that confirmed the theory of Copernicus that the earth and all the other planet rotates around the sun.
Illustration of the law of the lever Galileo Galileo learned from the book 'Conversations Mathematics and Demonstration'
The discovery of a series of telescopes and Galileo's discovery threw up the ladder of fame.Meanwhile, support for the Copernican theory led him to deal with the church who opposed an all-out. This church conflict reached its peak in the year 1616: he was ordered to refrain from spreading the Copernican hypothesis. Galileo was crushed by these restrictions for years. Only after the Pope died in 1623, he was replaced by someone who admired Galileo. The next year, this new Pope - Urban VIII - foreshadows even vaguely that the ban made no longer forced Galileo.
Galileo the next six years spent up important scientific work Dialogue About Two Important System World. This book is a great demonstration of things that include support for the Copernican theory and the book was published in 1632 with special permission from the church censorship. Even so, the church authorities responded with a furious attitude and when Galileo published a book directly dragged into the face of the Religious Court in Rome on charges of violating the ban in 1616.
But clearly, many church authorities are not happy with the decision to punish a prominent scholar. Even under church law at the time, the Galileo case in question and he just lightly sentenced. Galileo was not thrown into jail but just got under house arrest in his own house is quite nice in a villa in Arcetri. In theory he could not receive visitors, but in fact the rule was not implemented properly. Another penalty against him was a permintaarn publicly that he withdrew the opinion that the earth revolved around the sun. 69-year-old scientist was execute in open court. (There are famous stories that do not necessarily true that after Galileo took longer thinks he's down to earth and whispered softly, "Look, he's still moving!"). In the city of Arcetri he continued working in the field of mechanics he wrote. Galileo died in 1642.
Galileo's great contribution to the advancement of science has long known. The significance lies in the role scientific discoveries like the law of inertia, the discovery of his telescope, astronomical observations of the field and prove his genius to the Copernican hypothesis. And more important is its role in the development of scientific methodology. Generally, the natural philosopher bases his opinion on the thoughts of Aristotle and make a qualitative inquiry and the phenomena Uncategorized. In contrast, Galileo set of phenomena and make observations on a quantitative basis. Careful emphasis on quantitative calculations since it became the basic science investigation in the next period.
Galileo may have more responsibility than any person for scientific inquiry with an empirical attitude. It was he, and not the others, who first stressed the importance of demonstration experiments, he rejects the notion that scientific issues can be decided together with the power, if power is called the Church or the rules of Aristotle's arguments. He also balked against the schemes that use complicated reasons and instead rely on a solid experimental basis. Clever century scholars discussing the long-winded what should happen and why things that happened, but Galileo insisted on the importance of doing an experiment to ascertain what actually happened. Scientific view is not clearly obvious mystical, and in this connection he is even more modern than his successors, such as Newton.
Galileo, can be considered people who are religious. Apart from the sentences handed down against him and his confession, he did not reject both religion and the church. The refusal of the experiment only the church authorities to suppress science investigation efforts. The next generation is very reasonable Gahleo admired as a symbol of rebel against the dogma and the authoritarian rule of trying to imprison independence thinking. Its importance is more prevalent again is the role it plays in laying the foundations of modern scientific methods
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