Adolf Hitler

Frankly, I put Hitler into a chronological list of this book in disgust. The effect is completely confounded, and I do not have a sense of respect for the importance lies in the cause of death of about thirty-five million people. However, there was no way to deny the fact that Hitler had a tremendous influence on people who are not playing much.
Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Braunau, Austria. As a teenager he was a failed artist who neglected and at times in his young age he became a fanatical German nationalist. At the time World War I, he entered the German Army, was wounded and got two medals for bravery.
The defeat of Germany membikinnya devastated and angry. In the year 1919 when the old stepping thirty years, he joined a small right-wing party in Munich, and the party immediately changed its name to Nationalist Workers' Party of Germany (Nazi summarized). Within two years he rose to be leader without a rival in the German nickname called "Fuehrer."
Under the leadership of Hitler, the Nazi party with incredible speed into a force and in November 1923 failed experiment. Coup known as "The Munich Beer Hall Putsch." Hitler was arrested, accused of being a traitor, and proven guilty. However, he was released from jail after languishing there for less than a year.
In the year 1928 the Nazi party is still a small party. However, major depression make people dissatisfied with political parties large and established. In these circumstances the Nazi party became more powerful, and in January 1933, when the age of forty-four years, Hitler became Chancellor of Germany.
With the title, Hitler quickly and efficiently establish a dictatorship by using government officials confront all opposition groups. Keep in mind, this process is not over the erosion of civil liberties and rights defend themselves against criminal charges, but worked with slashes of lightning and very often the Nazi party did not bother with the procedure in court at all. Many political opponents beaten, even killed on the spot. However, before the outbreak of World War 2, Hitler won the support of most of the German population because he managed to suppress the amount of unemployment and make economic improvements.
Hitler then set up road to conquests which ultimately brought the world into the cauldron of World War-2. He won his first regional wars virtually without passing at all. England and France, surrounded by various kinds of economic difficulties, because it was so wanted peace so that they do not give a damn when Hitler betrayed the Versailles agreement by building the German Armed Forces. Similarly, they do not take care when Hitler occupied the fort and strengthen the Rhineland (1936), and so also when Hitler annexed Austria (March 1938). Even they have received while nodding when Hitler annexed the Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia border stronghold.International agreement known as the "Munich Pact" that the UK and France are expected as a result of the purchase of "Peace of all time" left to be trampled, and they were dumbfounded when Hitler seized Czechoslovakia in part because several months later Czechoslovakia utterly helpless. At each stage, Hitler cleverly combines arguments to justify his actions with the threat that he would be a war if the desire is considered quiet, and at each stage of democratic countries to feel discouraged and weakened back.
However, the UK and France determined to defend Poland, Hitler's next target. First Hitler protect themselves by signing a pact "not to attack each other" in August 1939 with Stalin (essentially aggression treaty agreements because they agree on how to split the Polish for the interests of each). Nine days later, Germany attacked Poland and sixteen days after the Soviet Union do the same. Although England and France declared war on Germany, Poland soon be conquered.
Intensity peak years of Hitler was in 1940. In April, the armed forces confront Danish and Norwegian. In May, he hit the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. In June, French bend the knee. But in England the same year survive the death of the German air attack, known by the nickname "Battle of Britain" and Hitler was never able to set foot on British earth.
German forces conquered Greece and Yugoslavia in April 1941. And in June the same year Hitler tore up 'agreement not to attack each other "with the Soviet Union and opened the attack.German Army could occupy a very large part of Russian territory but was unable to completely disarm before winter. Although the fight against England and Russia, unmitigated Hitler declared war with the United States in December 1941 and several days later Japan confront the United States, ransacked the naval base at Pearl Harbor.
In mid-1942 Germany had controlled the bulk of European territory that could never be done by anyone else in history. Moreover, he controlled North Africa. The turning point occurred in half of the war both in 1942 when Germany was defeated in a complex battle at El-Alamein in Egypt and Stalingrad in Russia. After this setback, good fortune which had been gradually umbrella-German troops are still left gradually. However, despite the German defeat seemed inevitable, Hitler refused to surrender. Not that he was more afraid, even penggasakan continued for more than two years after Stalingrad. The bitter end of the story occurs in the spring of 1945. Hitler committed suicide in Berlin on 30 April and seven days after the Germans surrendered.
During the period of power, Hitler was involved in acts of mass murder that there was no standard match in history. He was a fanatic racist, special to the Jews who done with bubbling hatred. He publicly announced kill every Jew in the world. In his reign, the Nazis built big kampkamp exile, equipped with a gas chamber. In each area the territory, people, innocent people, men and women and children were herded and thrown into cattle cars for the next revoked his life in the gas chambers. Within just a few years about 6,000,000 Jews were returned to the afterlife.
Jews are not the only ones who became victims of Hitler. In the reign of dictatorship, the people of Russia and Gypsy are also cleared, as well as against the people who are considered, including low or racial enemies of the state. Never imagined this murder do spontaneously, or in hot conditions and the heat of battle. But Hitler had built the camp with the organization mautt a neat and carefully as if he designed a large business enterprise. Structured data, the number assigned, and the bodies were systematically stripped down the members of his teeth are valuable as gold and wedding rings. Also many of the bodies used for a soap factory. So closely by the Hitler assassination plan that even at the end of the war will end, when the Germans lack the materials for the use of both civilian and military, cattle car continued rolling toward the killing camps of terror missions within the framework of non-military.
In many ways, it was obvious notoriety of Hitler will be finished. First, he was widely regarded by the world's most devilish human beings throughout history. If people like Nero and Caligula is one step so it does not mean when compared to Hitler and Hitler still remain a symbol of cruelty during the 20th century, did not seem to melesetlah if someone predicted that Hitler was so bad that no terlawankan reputation would be remembered in history for the decades centuries.
More than that, of course, Hitler will be remembered as the culprit to the outbreak of World War-2, the biggest war ever happened on earth. The progress of nuclear weapons as an impossibility that will happen large-scale war in the future. Therefore, even two or three thousand years from now, World War 2 might still be considered a big event in history.
Furthermore, Hitler will remain popular because the whole story about him was so scary and interesting, how a stranger (Hitler was born in Austria, not Germany), how one who has no political experience at all, no money, no political connections, able to - in a period less than fourteen years old - became the leader of a prominent world power, truly amazing. His ability as an orator really extraordinary. Measured by its ability to move masses of important actions, can be said that Hitler was the greatest orator in history. Finally, how dirty the lift to the summit of power, it will not terpegang hands quickly forgotten.
Perhaps no figure in history who has so much influence on Adolf Hitler than his generation. In addition to tens of millions of people who died in the war which he responsible, or those who died in concentration camps, are still millions and millions of people terlunta-lunta without shelter or who live apart by war.
Other estimates of the influence of Hitler should consider two factors. First, many of which actually happened under his leadership would never have happened if no Hitler. (In this regard she is very different from such figures as Charles Darwin or Simon Bolivar). Of course, true that the situation in Germany and Europe to provide an opportunity for Hitler. Passion military and anti-Jewish, for example, is stunning his audience. No there were signs, for example, that most of the Germans in the 1920s or 1930s as the government intended to have set in motion by Hitler, and very few signs that German leaders would do the same Other Hitler. What Hitler did not have the slightest thought would happen by the observers.
Second, the entire Nazi movement is controlled by a leader to extraordinary levels. Marx, Lenin, Stalin and other leaders both have a role to the growth of Communism. However, National Socialism had no prominent leaders before the emergence of Hitler, so there is no afterwards.Hitler led the party to power and stay on top. When he died, the Nazi party and government that led to death with him.
However, despite the influence of Hitler on his generation was so large, a result of his actions in the future seems not how much. Hitler was pretty much a total failure to complete the target goal of anywhere, and the consequences that appear on the next generation in fact the opposite of what he wanted. For example, Hitler intended to spread the influence of Germany and German territory. However, his conquests areas, although very large, only a brief and temporary nature. And now even West Germany and East Germany combined into one are still smaller than the Republic of Germany when Hitler became head of government.
Hitler's desire is the urge to slaughter Jews. But fifteen years after Hitler came to power, an independent Jewish state stands for the first time in 2000 years. Hitler hated both Communism and the Soviet Union. However, after her death, and partly due to the start of the war, the Russians even expand his territory in the vast territory in eastern Europe and the influence of Communism in the developing world even more. Hitler intended to squeeze even destroy democracy, not only in other countries but in Germany itself. However, West Germany is now a democratic country and its people runs look more hated dictatorship than any generation before the time of Hitler.
And why there is a strange combination of the extraordinary influence of the time he ruled with such a tiny effect on subsequent generations? The consequences of Hitler posed during his life so huge that it became clear Hitler was placed in the proper sequence is rather high in this book list.
Yet, of course he should be placed under figures like Shih Huang Ti, Augustus Caesar and Genghis Khan's actions affect the world of power long after the demise of reach. The almost parallel position with Hitler was Napoleon and Alexander the Great. In such a short time, Hitler was able to tear apart the world far worse than the men. Hitler placed under their order because they have a longer effect.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Generals and the famous French emperor, Napoleon I, out of the womb in Ajaccio, Corsica, in 1769. Its original name was Napoleon Bonaparte. Corsica in the French territory only fifteen months before Napoleon was born, and at times juvenile Napoleon a Corsican nationalist who considered France's oppressors. However, Napoleon was sent into a military academy in France and when he graduated in 1785 at the age of fifteen he became the French army lieutenant.
Four years later the French Revolution erupted, and within a few years the new French government engaged in war with some foreign countries. Napoleon's first chance to show skill is in the year 1793, in the battle of Toulon (France take back the city from the hands of England), where Napoleon served in an artillery unit. At that time he was no longer hold on to understand Corsicanya nationalists, but people already consider themselves French. Successes obtained in Toulon, declaring himself to be Brigade-General and in 1796 he was given the burden of responsibility so command the French army in Italy. In the country, between the years 1796-1797, Napoleon had also seized a string of victories that made him a hero when he returned to France.
In 1798 he led the invasion of France to Egypt. This step proved to be disastrous. On land, the troops of Napoleon generally successful, but the British Navy under the command of Lord Nelson with a steady ransacked French fleet, and in 1799 Napoleon left his army in Egypt and returned to France.
Once in France, Napoleon was keen to conclude that the French people more remembered by his victories in Italy than the failure of the French expedition to Egypt. Hold on to this fact, only a month after she stepped on the earth of France, Napoleon took part in a power struggle with Albe Sieyes and others. This coup gave birth to a new government called the "Consulate General", and Napoleon became first consul. Although the constitution was drawn up with care and received approval through a plebiscite of the people, it's just a mere mask to cover up the military dictatorship of Napoleon, who immediately able to nudge and crippling his opponents.
The rise of Napoleon to the throne of power absolutely amazing. Precisely in August 1793, before the battle of Toulon, Napoleon completely unknown. He was nothing more than a low officer twenty-four years old and not entirely the French. However, less than six years later - still in the age of thirty years - has transformed a French ruler indisputable again, a position he held for more than fourteen years.
In the years of his rule, Napoleon made a major reshuffle in the government administrative system as well as French law. For example, he revolutionized the financial structure and the judiciary, he founded the Bank of France and the University of France, and menyentralisir administration. Although each of these changes have an important meaning, and in some cases have the long-term effects, especially to France, does not have a significant effect for other countries.
But one of the reforms undertaken by Napoleon had power beyond the influence of the French state itself. Namely, what is the famous formulation called Code Napoleon. In many ways, this code reflects the ideas of the French Revolution. For example, under this code there are no special privileges based on birth and origins, all people equal in the eyes of the law degrees.Coincided with that code is pretty close to the old laws and customs of France, so accepted by the people of France and the court system. In general, the code was moderate, neatly organized and written in concise, clear, and can be accepted, moreover easily understood. As a result, this code is not only applicable in France (French civil law in force today is almost similar to the Code Napoleon was) but also accepted in other countries with which changes according to local needs.
Political Napoleon always convinced that he is a man who defended the French Revolution.However, in the year 1804 which he himself also memperoklamirkan himself as Emperor of France. Plus, he raised his three older siblings throne in several European countries. This step can not grow displeasure on the part of people who consider the French Republic was totally embarrassed a betrayal of the ideas and objectives of the French Revolution. However, the main difficulty faced is the battle with Napoleon foreign countries.
In the year 1802, in Amiens, Napoleon signed a peace treaty with England. This gives relief to the French wind that within ten years continuously in an atmosphere of war. However, in the next year a peace treaty was broken and a long battle with the British and their allies began again. Although Napoleon's army repeatedly won the battle on the mainland, the UK could not be defeated if not terlumpuhkan sea fleet. Unfortunately for Napoleon, the battle is impossible at Trafalgar in 1805, the British fleet won a great victory. Therefore, control and power of England in the ocean is not no doubt about it. Although great victory of Napoleon (at Austerlitz against Austria and Russia) occurred six weeks after Trafalgar, it was not able to remove the bitterness of defeat in the naval sector.
In 1808 Napoleon's done great folly to involve France in a long war and the uncertain end of the base in the Iberian Peninsula, where the French army still stuck for years. However, Napoleon's biggest mistake was his attack on Russia. In 1807 Napoleon met face to face with the Czar, and the treaty of Tilsit they agree garner lasting friendship. However, alliance persepakatan and gradually broken, and in June of 1812 Napoleon led the army stamped giant Russian earth.
The results of these actions have the same note. Russian troops generally avoided direct battle against Napoleon's army, because it can be advanced Napoleon quickly. In September, Napoleon occupied Moscow. However, the Russians burned the city and most of the ground.After waiting for five weeks in Moscow (with the vain hope that Russia would offer peace), Napoleon finally decided to resign, but this decision was too late. Combination of Russian soldiers beating and cruel winter, inadequate supply of French troops led the retreat into the retreat of helter-skelter. Less than ten percent of the giant French soldiers could get out of the Russian earth alive.
European countries, such as Austria and Prussia, was well aware they have a good chance beating France. They combine all the forces against Napoleon, and at the battle of Leipzig in October 1813, Napoleon returned a bitter blow to the staggering. The next year he stopped and banished to the island of Elba, a small island off the coast of Italy.
In 1815 he escaped from Elba Island, returned to France, welcomed and returned to power.European powers declared war immediately, and a hundred days after he had his seat again in the throne of power, Napoleon suffered a fatal defeat at Waterloo.
After Waterloo, Napoleon was imprisoned by the British in St. Helena, a small island in the southern Atlantic Ocean. It was here that he breathed the last breath in 1821 due to cancer attack.
Napoleon's military career presents an interesting paradox. Genius tactic movement is very fascinating, and when measured in terms of it alone, he might be considered one the greatest generals of all time. But in the field of basic strategy he declined due to make big mistakes, such as the invasion of Egypt and Russia. Strategy so dumb mistake that Napoleon dubbed unfit-class military leaders. Is this second assumption is not fair? I think not. Indeed, a general measure of greatness lies in the ability to dodge from doing the mistakes that led towards the destruction. No such thing happened to Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan and Tamerlane the army was never defeated. Since Napoleon ultimately be defeated in the year 1815, France has a smaller area than ever dipunyainya in 1879, when the outbreak of the Revolution.
Napoleon, of course, an "egomaniac" and is often considered semodel with Hitler. However, there is an intricate differences between the two. If Hitler had some of its biggest acts on the hidden ideological impetus, Napoleon driven solely by ambition that he was opportunistic and did not have a sense of great slaughter, and like crazy. In the reign of Napoleon, there is no such concentration camps as Hitler possessed.
Napoleon's name masyhurnya very very easy to trap people thought he was a big influence in exaggerated. Early short-term impact was huge, maybe bigger than Alexander the Great, although not for Hitler. (According to estimates, about 500,000 French soldiers died in the Napoleonic wars, was about 800,000 people were killed during the German World War 2). By any measure, the destruction of Napoleon's actions less than what was done about Hitler.
In regard to long-term impact, Napoleon seems more important than Hitler, though much less important than Alexander the Great. Napoleon made extensive changes in the French administrative system, but only one of the French population over seventy people in the world. In any event, such administrative changes must be viewed from the perspective of a reasonable angle. The effect on the French people is much less than the changes of technological advances during the past two centuries.
Many people say, the Napoleonic period provides an opportunity for changes to the terkonsolidasinya and mapannya the borjuais France. In the year 1815, when the French monarchy eventually reorganized, the changes are sustained and protected so well that the possibility could be the return of social patterns of the old order of things is completely impossible. However, the most important changes actually occur and composed before Napoleon. In the year 1799 when Napoleon held the reins of government may be all the way to a return to the status quo was too late. But, apart from Napoleon's own ambitions to the royal kingdom, he did hold an important role to spread the idea of revolution throughout Europe.
Napoleon also brought by the emergence of vast influences and major in Latin American revolution. Spanish invasion to weaken the government of Spain, so its colonial grip on the colony areas also loosened itself and not effective. In this situation it is de facto autonomy of independence movements in Latin America began to erupt.
Of all the steps deeds of Napoleon, the most important and most have a long-term influence even beyond the plan and had nothing to do with Napoleon's own plan.
In 1803, Napoleon sold the vast region to the United States. He knew, belonged to the French in North America is difficult protected against British attacks. In addition, he also needs money, Louisiana's land sale may be trading in a peaceful land of the largest in the history of the United States and change into a continent-sized country. It is hard to imagine what form the United States without this Louisiana. It would be an entirely different country to what we know today.And also the United States reasonable doubt can be a strong country without a sale and purchase of Louisiana it.
Napoleon, of course, is not the only person who contributes and is responsible for this sale. The American government clearly also hold the role. However, the French offer to sell Louisiana was decided in the negotiations by one person. And the person of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Alexander

Alexander the Great, conqueror of the world famous past Pello was born in the year 356 BC, the capital of Macedonia. His father, King Philip II of Macedonia has an ability and farsighted. Philip zoom in and organizing the Armed Forces of Macedonia and turn it into a fighting force of high quality. The first time you use this option the Army is the time he conquered the area around the north until he came to Greece, then turned south and conquered almost all of Greece. Then Philip federated Greek cities, and he himself became the leader. When he designed a plan more attacks on the Persian Empire was vast in the east of Greece, even the invasion has already begun in the year 336 BC, Philip terbunul, when he was only forty-six years.
Alexander aged only twenty years old when his father died but he was replaced without difficulty to the throne. Philip carefully jauhjauh days have made preparations for his successor and the young Alexander had the knowledge and considerable military experience. In the case of intellectual education is not to ignore any Philip. Teachers make Alexander provided a special father: Aristotle, one that most scholars and perhaps the most famous philosopher in the world of that time.
Both in Greece and the areas north hemisphere, the population of the conquered Philip at Philip's death is a great opportunity to block and subvert the power grip of Macedonia. However, only within two years after the throne, Alexander was able to overcome the region. After that, attention shifted to the Persian.
For two thousand years the Persians controlled the vast territory, stretching from the Mediterranean to India. Although Persia was no longer in the top of his greatness, but still remains a formidable opponent and respected, the most extensive empire, the most powerful and richest on earth.
Alexander launched his first attack to the Persian year 334 BC. Because he had to set aside part of its troops in the country to maintain and oversee its European inilik, Alexander had only 35 000 soldiers accompanying an adventure when he dared the death, a small amount insignificant compared to the power of the Persian Army. In addition to a number of misfortunes that happened, Alexander won a string of victories in gempurannya against the Persians. There are three factors that has caused his victory. First, the troops left by his father, Philip, really well trained and organized, better than the Persians. Second, Alexander himself a warlord of genius, perhaps the most genius at all times. Third, Alexander's own courage. Although he led the first stages of the battle behind the front lines, the decision was to lead his own Alexander's horsemen who gave decisive blow. This is a risky way and he was often wounded in battle like this. But troops witnessed with my own eyes that Alexander was not really in danger of insufficient responsibility and would not impose a risk on the shoulders of others. This brings a direct result in terms of moral improvement convincing soldiers.
Alexander led his forces first struck in Asia Minor, struck out a small army stationed in the Persian there. Then she moved toward the north of Syria, crush a large army of Persians at Issus. This completed her turn around invade the south, and after the fighting involved heavy and difficult throughout the seven months, he managed to conquer the Phoenician island city Tire is now called Lebanon. When Alexander was fighting in Tire, he received a message from the King of Persia mengwarkan half his kingdom if only for Alexander Alexander willing to accept the peace agreement. One of Alexander's generals, Parmenio, considers good and decent offer accepted. "If I am Alexander, the offer was accepted." What Alexander answered? "So did I, if I was named Parmenio."
After Tire fell, Alexander continued his movement to the south. Gaza fell after fighting for two months. Egypt surrendered without fighting anything. After occupying Egypt, Alexander settled for a while just to give time off for his soldiers. In the country, although he was only twenty-four years, he was given the gift the title and was crowned Pharaoh as a god. Considered after the break, Alexander and his army moved again back to the Asian mainland, and the life-death battle that determines at Arbela in 331 BC, he was completely paralyzed most of the Persian army.
After a resounding victory that Alexander brought his army to Babylon and break into the Persian cities, Suso, and Persepolis. Persian King Darius III (instead of Darius the Great predecessor) was killed by the officer-in opsirnya year 330 BC to prevent surrender to Alexander. Even so, Alexander defeated and killed the substitute Darius, and in the battle for three years, he had conquered all the eastern parts of Iran and urged the country continues to Central Asia.
With all the Persian Empire under his feet tclapak, Alexander should take the decision back home to his country and organize the territory. But, thirsty conquest was unbearable, so he went to Afghanistan labrakannya. From there he led his army across the Hindu Kush mountains to India. He obtained a series of major victories in the western part of India and intend to continue the attack to the east of India. However, his army was tired and struggling from years of fighting, and refused to continue the attack. So with Alexander reluctantly returned to Persia.
After returning to Persia, Alexander spent about a year organizing the army and the empire under their control. Alexander grew up with the belief that Greek culture is the only superior culture and the thumb and all nations who are not Greek none other than the barbarians.Barangtentu belief was widely spread throughout the state of mind and the Greek world, and even Aristotle himself thought so. But, apart from success to quell down the Persian army, Alexander realized that the Persians barbarians was not at all, and of the Persians could have just as capable and smart with the Greeks. Therefore, Alexander has the intention to merge the two into one empire, and the formation of a joint dijelmakannya culture of the Graeco-Persian empire with her own, of course, is above the ruling leadership. As far as can we be sure, he really wished that the Persians are an equal partner with the Greeks and Macedonia. In order to implement this plan, he put a lot of people into the Persian army. He is also a party what he called "Western and Eastern Marriage" in which thousands of soldiers Macedonia officially married daughters of Asia. He himself, despite his wife to marry a girl before Asian royalty, married to the daughter of Darius again.
Very obvious, Alexander intended to do additional conquest by the Armed Forces who have organized this again. We know, he bennaksud conquered Arabia, and perhaps also wilayahwilayah located in the northern half of Persia. And maybe he had plans Indian occupied or invaded Rome, Carthago and parts of the Mediterranean Sea. However the plan is structured, there is clearly no subsequent conquests again. In early June of 323 BC when Alexander was in Babylon, he suddenly developed a fever and he died ten days later. At that time not yet reached the age of thirty-three years.
Alexander did not appoint his successor, and soon after he began to occur no power struggles.In this struggle, her mother, his wife, his children all were killed. His empire was divided among his generals.
Since Alexander died in a very young age and was never defeated, a lot of speculation whether the hell that would happen if a long age. When he brought his army invaded and conquered the areas west of the Mediterranean Sea, most likely he will succeed, and in this case the entire history of Western Europe will experience major changes. But this speculation, however interesting nothing to do with the real successes already achieved.
Alexander may be a very dramatic figure in history, career and personal still be a source of admiration. The evidence of success in his career was dramatic, and dozens of stories popping up about his name. And obviously it was his ambition to be the greatest warrior and conqueror of all time, and apparently well-deserved nickname he acquired it. As individual fighters, covered in her ability and courage. As a general, he's very smart, because the battle for eleven years, never once did things he lost.
Coincided with that, he was an intellectual who studied under the tutelage of Aristotle and master Homer's poems. In the case of the idea that people realize that no Greek should not barbarians, clearly shows that his mind had more coverage than most of the Greek thinkers at the time.
However, on the other hand, Alexander had a short-sighted view. Although he repeatedly at risk in battle, he did not prepare his successor. This negligence is the cause of his empire so quickly fall apart after he died.
Alexander is considered likely that beautiful face, and she often very generous to the defeated enemy. On the other hand, he was also an "egomaniac" and violent temper. On one occasion, in a brawl in a fender, he killed a friend familiar, Clertus, one who had saved her life.
Just as Napoleon and Hitler, Alexander had a tremendous influence on his generation. A brief period of influence, is more concise than they, solely because of limited facilities for travel to and fro and communication at the time border and minimize its impact on the world.
In the long run, the most important influence of the conquest of Alexander carried Greek culture is closer to the Middle East, so that each gets a benefit to supplement and enhance their culture. During and immediately after a career of Alexander, Greek culture quickly spread to Iran, Mesopotamia, Syria, Judea, and Egypt. Before Alexander, the Greek culture had already penetrated into these areas but very slowly. Also, Alexander spread the influence of Greek culture to India and Central Asia, areas previously untouched. However, cultural influence is not meant only one-sided and one-way. In the Hellenistic age (the centuries immediately after the steps of Alexander) Eastern ideas-particularly-religious ideas spread to the Greek world. With this Hellenistic culture was dominant but the Greeks seem to really influence of Eastern thought at the time was the Roman influence.
In the long career, Alexander founded more than twenty-one new city. The most famous of all is Alexandria (Alexandria) in Egypt that the tempo is fast becoming the leading city in the world and is a cultural and educational center of the famous. Others, such as Herat and Afghanistan Kandahan also developed so important cities.
Alexander, Napoleon, and Hitler have in common it's the weight of its influence in general.People will be memorable, however, the influence of the latter is shorter lifetimes than Alexander.

Constatine

This figure first Roman emperor who embraced Christianity. Through convert it and the many ways that development took, he held prominent role in this change from the religion of Christianity that are pursued and punished to the dominant religion in Europe.
Constantine was born circa 280 in the city of Naissus (now called Nis) in the country that is now Yugoslavia. His father was a high officer, and Constantine spent his youth in Nicomedia, where the Emperor Diocletian in court.
Diocletian ascended the throne in 305 and Constantine's father - Constantius - become the ruler in the western half of the Roman Empire. When Constantius died in the following year, Constantine proclaimed emperor by his soldiers. However, the other generals at odds on this investiture and the civil war was not inevitable. This war will end in 312 when Constantine defeated by opponents who still survive - Maxentius - in a battle at the bridge near the city of Rome Milvian.
Certainly not when Constantine into Christianity. The stories commonly heard to say, in moments before the battle of Milvian Bridge, Constantine saw a cross burning in the sky and says "With this sign you will be able to conquer." No matter when he entered the Christians, Constantine did much for the progress of Christianity. One step is to make pemulanya Act Milan. With this law the religion of Christianity is legal and tolerated religion. The law also allows the return of church property that was confiscated during the chase and ransacked in the past. Also declared Sunday as a day of worship.
Milan Law is not based solely by the attitude of religious tolerance. Instead, the government of Constantine can be considered as a sign of the beginning of persecution of the Jews who continued to take place in Christian Europe in the coming centuries.
Constantine was never made the Christian religion as the official state religion. However, through regulation and political steps he clearly driving the development of this religion. In his reign it was obvious, anyone who entered the open door of Christianity means to him in terms of ease up a career ladder in administration. And decisions issued by Constantine also provides immunity and privileges of the church. Similarly, he built churches in the world famous - such as the birth of Jesus Church in Bethlehem and the Tomb of Jesus Church in Darussalam. All these churches began to be built at the time of Constantine's reign.
The role of the Roman Emperor Constantine as a Christian religion by itself make him the right set forth in this book is a chronological list. However, some actions contain the effects of long-term. For example, he rebuilt and expanded city of Byzantium, and replaced with the name of Constantinople (now Istanbul) is one of the largest cities in the world and still be the capital of Eastern Roman Empire until the year 1453 and several centuries later became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
Constantine also played an important role in the internal history of the church. Involved in the dispute between the followers of Arius and Athonius (two Christian theologians who proposed a different doctrine), Constantine called the Council meeting Nicola (in the year 325), the first church council trial. Constantine the Council to actively take part, can resolve disputes with accepted Nicene doctrine, which later became the orthodox doctrine of the church.
Another important thing is its role in relation to the preparation of civil regulations. Constantine made legislation governing companies hereditary (such as Joqal, bakers). Issuance of the decree which it also set the "coloni" (peasant class) garapannya forbidden to leave the ground.In the modern sense of this decree means changing "coloni" (peasant farmers) to be a slave, who tied with the land. This decree and other rules are the basis of the entire peletak social structure of medieval Europe.
Constatine not baptized until he lay in bed dying, though obviously she's been in Christianity long before that. However, it also coincided with the true that the soul kenasraniannya faded completely. Although the size of the time, he was so violent and cruel. This attitude is not directed at his opponents alone. The causes are not clear, he punishes his wife and son in 326.
Can be questioned, acceptance Constantine to Christianity before does not change the course of history, but merely endorse the things that it could not be inevitable. In addition, although Biocletian Emperor (reigned from 284-305) has done a great gencetan of Christianity, a religion that effort did not succeed because at that time Christianity was much stronger than the power that will hit him even after all the cruel acts. Tarolah people regard the failure of an experiment gone Biocletian crush Christianity and religion can achieve victory even without interfering Constantine altogether. Assumptions and speculations like that are interesting, but not convincing and uncertain. It was hard to imagine what would happen without Constantine. It is clear, with encouragement, Christianity spread from the size and number of the following areas of influence. From a small group that does not mean only within a century became an established religion and has great influence in the world.
Of light was, Constantine is the pivot figures in European history. Place in the order of the list is higher than the figures of Alexander the Great, Napoleon and Hitler because of his influence that has long range.

Jengis Khan

Genghis Khan, Mongol conqueror of the largest, was born circa 1162. His father was a small tribal chief, named his son after he was Temujin defeated the other chiefs. When Temujin was nine years old, his father was killed by a rival tribe, and after that a member who happened to relatives still living in the grip of fear and alienation. It really is a beginner from a bitter life, and for Temujin more so before there is a better change for him. When he was young at the age of adolescence, she captured in a battle against rival tribes.
In order to prevent her escape, a bracelet bamboo rod attached to the neck. From the state that did not seem a way to escape the prison group primitive illiterate, from the parched land miserable poor, Temujin able to rise to the strongest man in the world.
Rise stems from his efforts to escape from custody of his opponent. Then he joined the Toghril, a close friend of his late father, a chief who had connections in the connection area. Subsequent years are full of scuffles between tribes, Temujin gradually struggled to reach the top.
Mongol tribes long-known riders a masterful horseman and swordsman, warrior hard unforgiving.Throughout their history of relentless pounding the northern part of China. However, before Temujin emerged, among different ethnic groups like the scuffle fellow Mongols wasted energy.Acumen combined with his courage, diplomacy, violence and the ability to organize, Temujin managed to unite all the tribes under the leadership of Temujin, and in 1206 a major deliberation among the tribes of Mongol Temujin nickname "Genghis Khan", meaning "emperor of the universe." Genghis Khan's military power is frightening that the tip of his spear digalangnya directed to the countries adjacent. At first she confront Hsi Hsia in northeastern China and the Chin Empire in northern China. When the battle strife arose between Genghis Khan and Shah Muhammad Khwarezm who ruled the kingdom of considerable magnitude in Persia and Central Asia. In the year 1219 moved his army of Genghis Khan Shah Khwarezm confront. Central Asia and the Persian empire was taken over and Khwarezm Shah Muhammad dihancurluluhkan.Along with that part of the Mongol armies invaded Russia, Genghis Khan personally led troops invaded Afghanistan and northern India. He returned to Mongolia in 1225 and died there in 1227.
Shortly before Genghis Khan's last breath, he asked that his third son, Ögedei, set to be his successor. This is a wise choice because Ögedei became a brilliant general of his own results.Under his leadership, Mongol forces continued invasion of China, Russia complete control, and charged forward towards Europe. In the year 1241 the combined armies of Poland, Germany, Hungary completely beaten by the Mongol people who thrive to Budapest. However, that year Ögedei died and the Mongol army retreated from Europe and never come back again.
There is a noticeable hiatus when the Mongol chiefs of the reasons they put forward their leaders about a replacement. But, while it was under two subsequent Khan (Mangu Khan and Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan's second) Mongolian people continue forward persisted in Asia. Year 1279 the Mongols had mastered a empirium the largest in history. Mastery of the region include China, Russia, Central Asia, as well as Persian and Southeast Asia. Forward movement of troops to do the full success of the region adding that stretched from Poland to India's northern hemisphere, and Kublai Khan's rule ended in Korea, Tibet, and parts of Southeast Asia.
A broad empirium such a region by itself is difficult to overcome through the transportation system is still primitive. The result is impossible to maintain the integrity of territory, so it empirium eventually disintegrate. However, Mongol power was still able to survive for years. New Mongols mostly dispelled from China in 1368. Instead, their control over Russian regions take longer. "Wanderer Gold," was a common nickname given to the empire of Genghis Khan's grandson named Stone was founded in Russia lasted until the 16th century from Crimea and Khamate last until 1783. Great-great-great-grandson of Genghis Khan founded the other dynasties that controlled Central Asia and Persia. The second area is subjected in the 14th century by Tamerlane (Tamerlane), Mongol and bleeding also claim descent Jengtis. Tamerlane dynasty ended in the 15th century. But even if this means the end is not conquest, the Mongol conquest and domination have stop. Great-grandson named Tamerlane and Baber invaded India and occupied the Mughal dynasty established (Mongols). Mogul rulers, who controlled almost all Indian remains held the reins of power until the mid-18th century.
In the course of history has certainly domination by human beings - people say "crazy" if you will - that have been able to conquer the world and managed to master it. The most prominent of the "megalomaniac" This is Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, Napoleon Bonaparte and Hitler. What causes and what reasons these four places in the top list in this book list? Is not that his name is more meaningful than the idea of an army? I certainly agree that in the long run have the power of the pen far than swords. Even in the short-term measures. Each of the four figures on the control of the area and so so many people and invested so much influence to the men and their contemporaries could not sort of called and set aside to face ordinary bandits.
What I conclude because Genghis Khan is more important than the other three characters?Some - of course - because of its influence spread to a wider area than any other influence. And more importantly, the impact took place in a period of time longer. Defeated Napoleon and Hitler when they were still alive and the conquest of the short term. Although Alexander the Great army invincible when he died, he was never appointed his successor and soon after his death empiriumnya mess. However, Genghis Khan's conquests able to organize the area so careful and neat, and both the children and grandchildren are all heir to the firm. Mongolian People continue mastery over such a vast area in Asia for centuries after the death of Genghis Khan.
One indirect result of conquest by Genghis Khan kept separate meanings. Mongol conquest coincided with the unification of most of the more developed Asian trade routes in the region than the previous state. And at the same time encourage the flow of trade between China and Europe. European traders such as Marco Polo can thus travel to China and returned with a different form of stories about how rich and prosperous China. Increased economic activity in this eastern region and the increase in China's own interest in one of the reasons that tempt the Europeans to come to find fortune and exploiting the East.
One important fact: if Christopher Columbus, Simon Bolivar and Thomas Edison had never been born into the world of their mothers, there are certainly others who find the American continent, who freed Latin America, which discovered the electric light. However, if Genghis Khan had never been born mother, not going to see the conquest of the world is so great and large-scale by the Mongols. Mongol tribes could never come together before the 13th century and they now can not come together again. Genghis Khan is thus no doubt the main drivers of the big acts in human history.

Shih Huang Ti

Chinese emperor Shih Huang Ti of the years 238-210 BC unify China by force of arms and laid the foundation of the reforms-reforms. This reform is a major factor in the cultural unification of China until now.

Shih Huang Ti (also known by the nickname of Ch'in Shih Huang Ti) was born in 259 BC and died in 210 BC. To understand the significance of personal, first we need to know the historical background of his time. He was born in the late Chou dynasty which was founded around 1100 BC. Centuries before his time, Chou dynasty had lost its potency as a ruler, and China divided into numerous feudal states.
Various feudal kings are endlessly fighting with each other, and gradually disappear several small ruler. One of the strongest countries always scuffles that Ch'in, in the western part of China. The leaders of the Ch'in empire embracing the philosophical school of legalists who relied upon the state. Hu-Cu Kong suggest that the population was ruled by moral paragon example of the leader. However, according to the school of philosophy legalists, not enough good people governed in a way that indicated Kong Hu-Cu, because it is not possible ditrapkan. Better, the people were being watched closely by hard rules and forced indiscriminately. Laws and regulations outlined by the authorities and the authorities can change if he needs to look future political interests of the country.
It could be due to holding on to the idea of legalists, could be also due to its geographical position location, or it may be thanks to the leadership abilities Ch'in, the country had become the most powerful country among the countries in the Chinese empire at the time of Cheng (Shih Huang Ti descendants in the future ) was born. Cheng symbolically took the throne in the year 246 BC at the age of thirteen years but in practice the council holds a government to Cheng mature enough in the year 238 BC. The new king lifted the generals are capable and with burning zeal smash feudal countries are still living. Feudal country last fall in 221 BC and after that he could proclaim himself as Wang (king) throughout China. Just give weight, in order to cut off ties with his business past, he's wearing a new title and called himself Shih Huang Ti is the meaning "First Emperor."
Shih Huang Ti rushed to make major changes. Based on the determination to prevent another divorce-berainya China has destroyed the kingdom of Chou, he decided to delete off all the feudal system of government. Territory under their control him subdivided into 36 provinces, and in each province appointed a civilian governor directly appointed by the emperor. Shih Huang Ti decreed that the governor of the province is not anymore based on descent. As a result of this decision, there was a shift habits governor of one province to another province to prevent the possibility of an ambitious local officials and arrange for the power base self-interest. Each province also has a military leader, appointed by the emperor, and at times can be moved whenever he pleased. In addition, also designated three officials to maintain a balance between the civil governor and military governor. He built a long highway connecting the capital city and tidy with provincial cities. The highway was constructed in such a way - in addition to its economic sense - is also sometimes can be used to move troops to central areas in case a lot of attitude and try to make a behavior that could interfere with the integrity and stability of the central power. Shih Huang Ti would not forget to announce the rules for the aristocratic-old aristocrat who are still alive should be settled in the capital with the intention Hsieng so that they can be easily monitored his movements.
However, Shih Huang Ti was not satisfied until there. He was not content merely to matters of political and military unity, but also tried to garner economic unity. He determines the norms of good size for weight and length scales something good. He set the standard currency, all kinds of equipment, the width and length of the vehicle and watched the construction of roads and water channels. And he also establishes a uniform legal system for China following the standards of written language.
Deeds of the most famous emperor (or perhaps the least popular) are rules issued in 213 BC that requires burn all the books in China, except for books related to agriculture, medicine, history of state-Ch'in and the book philosophy book written by the authors of adherents schools of legalists. The rest - not unless the doctrine books Kong Hu-Cu - must be destroyed. With the issuance of this rule may miss the first examples of large-scale sensor in history. He intended to confront philosophies out his opponent, especially schools of-Kong Hu Cu. However, Shih Huang Ti ordered the copying of books banned and kept in the library in the capital.
Its foreign policy no less loud and strong. He made the conquest of southern China, and the areas included in the conquered Chinese territory. Also in the north and west of troops succeeded, but he was not able to subdue the population permanently. In order to avoid their attack China, Shih Huang Ti connecting various local walls which were already in the northern Chinese border to become a giant wall line. China's great wall was still intact there until now.Construction of this project follows the battles with outsiders, charging people with high taxes, and this made him unpopular. Since the revolt against the iron hand of government is not possible, a series of actions carried out to spend his life. However, none of this assassination attempt that succeeded, and Shih Huang Ti died naturally in 210 BC.
Second son of Emperor replaced the title of Shih Huang Ti erh. However, the child does not have the ability of the father, because it was a rebellion erupted. Within four years he was killed.Dibumihangus royal library, and the Ch'in dynasty completely subverted.
However, the work effort of Shi Huang Ti has dirampungkannya is not in vain. The Chinese government is glad it's over tyranny, but, there are few who desire to return to the atmosphere of anarchy as the past. The next dynasty (Han dynasty) continued the basic administrative system established by Ch'in Shih Huang Ti. And indeed, in fact, throughout the twenty-first century the Chinese empire to continue the lines already laid. Although the Ch'in legal system hard immediately softened by the emperor of the Han dynasty, and even the whole philosophy of legalists was shunned and became more Confucianisme state philosophy, political and cultural unification which was established by Shih Huang Ti is not faded.
Overall, the significance of Shih Huang Ti to China well lit. Western people always fascinated by the enormous size of China, but generally the history is not greater than the European population. The difference is that Europe always been fragmented into small states, while China was united into a large country. This difference was because of political factors and social, rather than due to geographical factors, such as in the case of long distance mountain in China is not much different from what is in Europe. Karuan course, the unification of China could not be considered solely the work of a Shih Huang Ti. Many people - such as the Sui Wen Ti - also played an important role, but it is not a doubt Shih Huang Ti is the most important of which is important. He was the central point.
Talking about Shih Huang Ti is not fully complete without mentioning the prime minister and a great bright, Li Ssu. Indeed, as Li Ssu important influence on decision making so hard to tell the emperor what is more decisive between them concerning the great changes that occurred. To avoid the difficulties there teller teller here, I set all the services of their joint actions to Shih Huang Ti. (After all, even if Li Ssu ask advice, the final word on the emperor).
Shih Huang Ti, among others, as a result of burning the books, generally condemned by the writers-berfaham Kong Hu Cu at the back today. They condemned it as a tyrant, kedukun-dukunan, full of superstition, damn, bitch boy and capable insufficient accountability. In contrast, Communist China is generally adored him as a progressive thinker. Western writers sometimes compare the Shih Huang Ti with Napoleon. However, he seems more like Caesar Augustus, the founder of the Roman Empire. Empirium which they have established more or less similar in area size and population. The difference, Roman empirium stand much shorter and the area governed by August Caesar was not able to be united in a long time. Is not the case at Shih Huang Ti. That's why Shih Huang Ti had more influence than Augustus Caesar.